{"id":24962,"date":"2025-09-24T04:42:15","date_gmt":"2025-09-24T04:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/riki.edu.vn\/goc-chia-se\/?post_type=docs&#038;p=24962"},"modified":"2025-09-24T04:42:16","modified_gmt":"2025-09-24T04:42:16","slug":"ngu-phap-n5-tinh-tu-nhung-kien-thuc-co-ban","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/riki.edu.vn\/goc-chia-se\/kien-thuc-n5\/ngu-phap-n5\/ngu-phap-n5-tinh-tu-nhung-kien-thuc-co-ban\/","title":{"rendered":"[Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p N5] T\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u2013 Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m &amp; vai tr\u00f2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh t\u1eeb<\/strong> (\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e <em>keiyoushi<\/em>) l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p (N5), t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t (\u0111\u1eb9p, x\u1ea5u, nhi\u1ec1u, \u00edt, cao, th\u1ea5p, nhanh, ch\u1eadm v.v.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u00ednh t\u1eeb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00ednh t\u1eeb trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Lo\u1ea1i<\/th><th>C\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/th><th>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u3044-\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e (T\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111u\u00f4i -i)<\/strong><\/td><td>K\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng \u00e2m <strong>-\u3044<\/strong> trong d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i-kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh). <\/td><td><em>\u305f\u304b\u3044<\/em> (\u9ad8\u3044 \u2013 cao, \u0111\u1eaft)<br><em>\u304a\u304a\u304d\u3044<\/em> (\u5927\u304d\u3044 \u2013 to, l\u1edbn)<br><em>\u305f\u306e\u3057\u3044<\/em> (\u697d\u3057\u3044 \u2013 vui)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u306a-\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e (T\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111u\u00f4i -na)<\/strong><\/td><td>Khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi danh t\u1eeb th\u00ec th\u00eam \u300c\u306a\u300d gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh t\u1eeb v\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb; trong d\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i-kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u300c\u3067\u3059\u300d.<\/td><td><em>\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306a<\/em> (\u7dba\u9e97\u306a \u2013 \u0111\u1eb9p, s\u1ea1ch)<br><em>\u3057\u305a\u304b\u306a<\/em> (\u9759\u304b\u306a \u2013 y\u00ean t\u0129nh)<br><em>\u3086\u3046\u3081\u3044\u306a<\/em> (\u6709\u540d\u306a \u2013 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1ch chia &amp; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ec3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00ednh t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi\/kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh-ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u300c\u3067\u3059\uff0f\u3060\u300d t\u00f9y l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 hay th\u00e2n m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. T\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111u\u00f4i -i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Th\u1ec3<\/th><th>Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/th><th>Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/td><td>\u2026 <strong>-\u3044\u3067\u3059\uff0f\u2010\u3044<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2026 <strong>\u2010\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\uff0f\u2010\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/td><td>\u2026 <strong>\u2010\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\uff0f\u2010\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2026 <strong>\u2010\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\uff0f\u2010\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u3053\u306e\u307b\u3093\u306f <strong>\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044<\/strong>\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u2192 Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3053\u306e\u307b\u3093\u306f <strong>\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/strong>\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u2192 Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u304d\u306e\u3046\u306f <strong>\u3042\u3064\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u2192 H\u00f4m qua tr\u1eddi n\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u304d\u306e\u3046\u306f <strong>\u3042\u3064\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u2192 H\u00f4m qua tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. T\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111u\u00f4i -na<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Th\u1ec3<\/th><th>Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/th><th>Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/td><td>\u2026 <strong>\u306a + \u3067\u3059\uff0f\u3060<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2026 <strong>\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\uff0f\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/strong> (l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1) ho\u1eb7c <strong>\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\uff0f\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/strong> (th\u00e2n m\u1eadt)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/td><td>\u2026 <strong>\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0f\u3060\u3063\u305f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2026 <strong>\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0f\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c <strong>\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff0f\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u3053\u306e\u3078\u3084\u306f<strong> \u304d\u308c\u3044<\/strong><em>\u3067\u3059<\/em>\u3002 \u2192 Ph\u00f2ng n\u00e0y s\u1ea1ch \/ \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3053\u306e\u3078\u3084\u306f <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/strong>\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u2192 Ph\u00f2ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3053\u306e\u3078\u3093\u306f <strong>\u3057\u305a\u304b\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/strong>\u3002 \u2192 Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y y\u00ean t\u0129nh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3053\u306e\u3078\u3093\u306f <strong>\u3057\u305a\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u2192 Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean t\u0129nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng &amp; k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>N\u1ed1i hai t\u00ednh t\u1eeb<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V\u1edbi t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111u\u00f4i -i: b\u1ecf \u0111u\u00f4i -\u3044 \u1edf t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00eam <strong>\u304f\u3066<\/strong> + t\u00ednh t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 hai.<br>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <strong>\u304a\u304a\u304d\u304f\u3066\u3001\u305f\u304b\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/strong> (to v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eaft)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u1edbi t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111u\u00f4i -na: b\u1ecf \u300c\u306a\u300d \u1edf t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u00eam <strong>\u3067<\/strong> + t\u00ednh t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 hai.<br>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <strong>\u3057\u305a\u304b\u3067\u3001\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306a\u3078\u3084<\/strong> (ph\u00f2ng y\u00ean t\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh t\u1eeb + danh t\u1eeb \/ \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 danh t\u1eeb: t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111u\u00f4i -na d\u00f9ng \u201c\u306a + danh t\u1eeb\u201d; t\u00ednh t\u1eeb -i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc danh t\u1eeb.<br>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306a\u4eba<\/strong> (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb9p); <strong>\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044\u8a71 <\/strong>(c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u00fa v\u1ecb)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: d\u1ea1ng t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111u\u00f4i -i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ecf -\u3044 th\u00eam <strong>\u304f<\/strong>, t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111u\u00f4i -na b\u1ecf \u306a th\u00eam <strong>\u306b<\/strong>.<br>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <strong>\u306f\u3084\u304f\u8d70\u308b<\/strong> (ch\u1ea1y nhanh) \u2013 t\u1eeb <strong>\u306f\u3084\u3044 \u2192 \u306f\u3084\u304f<\/strong><br><strong>\u3057\u305a\u304b\u306b\u8a71\u3059<\/strong> (n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng) \u2013 t\u1eeb<strong> \u3057\u305a\u304b\u306a \u2192 \u3057\u305a\u304b\u306b<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V\u1edbi t\u00ednh t\u1eeb -i, khi chia ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nh\u1edb c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111u\u00f4i \u0111\u00fang (\u2010\u3044 \u2192 -\u304f\u306a\u3044, -\u304b\u3063\u305f, -\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u1edbi t\u00ednh t\u1eeb -na, trong d\u1ea1ng th\u00e2n m\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf \u201c\u3067\u3059\uff0f\u3060\u201d ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng \u201c\u3060\uff0f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u201d \u2192 nh\u01b0ng n\u1eef gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1nh \u201c\u3060\u201d c\u1ee9ng; v\u0103n n\u00f3i th\u00e2n m\u1eadt h\u01a1n th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng b\u1ed5 ngh\u0129a danh t\u1eeb, c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n na\/\u3044 \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi d\u00f9ng t\u00ednh t\u1eeb l\u00e0m tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb (m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9), nh\u1edb chuy\u1ec3n -i \u2192 -\u304f, -na \u2192 -\u306b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u3053\u306e\u6620\u753b\u306f \u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<br>(B\u1ed9 phim n\u00e0y th\u00fa v\u1ecb.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u305d\u306e\u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u306f \u3042\u307e\u308a\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<br>(Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1eaft.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6628\u65e5\u306f \u5bd2\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<br>(H\u00f4m qua l\u1ea1nh.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u660e\u65e5\u306f \u9759\u304b\u306a\u753a\u306b\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<br>(Ng\u00e0y mai t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n y\u00ean t\u0129nh.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306f \u5143\u6c17\u306b\u904a\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br>(B\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb \u0111ang ch\u01a1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh \/ n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3053\u306e\u90e8\u5c4b\u306f \u5e83\u304f\u3066\u304d\u308c\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<br>(C\u0103n ph\u00f2ng n\u00e0y r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:18px\"><strong>Ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t! \u304c\u3093\u3070\u3063\u3066\u2763<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m &amp; vai tr\u00f2 Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u00ednh t\u1eeb T\u00ednh t\u1eeb trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh: Lo\u1ea1i C\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u3044-\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e (T\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111u\u00f4i -i) K\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng \u00e2m -\u3044 trong d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i-kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh). \u305f\u304b\u3044 (\u9ad8\u3044 \u2013 cao, \u0111\u1eaft)\u304a\u304a\u304d\u3044 (\u5927\u304d\u3044 \u2013 to, l\u1edbn)\u305f\u306e\u3057\u3044 (\u697d\u3057\u3044 \u2013 vui) \u306a-\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"doc_category":[196,210],"doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-24962","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry","doc_category-kien-thuc-n5","doc_category-ngu-phap-n5"],"knowledge_base_info":[],"knowledge_base_slug":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/riki.edu.vn\/goc-chia-se\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/24962","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/riki.edu.vn\/goc-chia-se\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/riki.edu.vn\/goc-chia-se\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riki.edu.vn\/goc-chia-se\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riki.edu.vn\/goc-chia-se\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24962"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/riki.edu.vn\/goc-chia-se\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/24962\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24963,"href":"https:\/\/riki.edu.vn\/goc-chia-se\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/24962\/revisions\/24963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/riki.edu.vn\/goc-chia-se\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24962"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riki.edu.vn\/goc-chia-se\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_category?post=24962"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riki.edu.vn\/goc-chia-se\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=24962"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}